The main movement in judo – the motor of the complex structure: techniques in the standing position (nagevadza) and techniques in ground fighting (katamevadza). External shape and internal dynamics of individual techniques often differ from each other. Certain methods have the same biochemical basis and similar to each other on the external form. Depending on the display devices are divided into groups (see the classification methods), the highest degree of technology is a combination of techniques in the standing position and in ground fighting. Motor steps listed below, are of primary importance, as is constantly repeated: counter, traffic on the mat, turns, throws, falls.
1. The main elements of technology:
- Rack (sizei);
- Seizure (kumikata);
- Movement (Xingtai);
- Rotations (taisabaki);
- Falling (ukemi).
2. Methods:
- In the fight in the rack (nage-waza);
- In ground fighting (katamevadza);
3. Combinations of techniques:
- In a rack;
- In ground fighting;
- Transitions from combat to counter the fight lying.
Techniques used to throw an opponent of direct attack or as a defense against an attacker. Movement on the mat and turns the body are used in the preparation of the attack, but also in defense.
Combinations of techniques – is a complex, purposeful, the learned motor unit. They arise combination of two or more receptions. Highly re-tive judoka applies the various combinations of techniques, create them in the fight, depending on the situation arose Shay. This ability requires a perfect assimilation of technology and more tactical experience. .
Learning more basic elements of technology
Stance – sizei
One of the basic principles of judo – the principle of maximum efficiency. It is important to rectilinear rack. When learning the techniques and other elements of the technology out of natural position (sizen-hontai) to stand, feet shoulder width apart, body weight is transferred to the front of the feet, knees and shoulders relax. Do not bend your back, do not strain the muscles of the abdomen and chest (chin to chest tilt) (Fig. 30).
The protective status (zigohontai) – legs wide apart, the center of gravity down, knees bent, torso tilted forward.
Grab – kumikata
In order to implement the method, you must first capture. One of the main technical and tactical problems – the application of seizures. Capture must learn in several different ways. If an experienced opponent, he will not allow an attacker to take a comfortable grip, in which case admission will not work.
Starting position for learning the – right grip. With your right hand hold the left side lapel jacket rival approximately at shoulder level, elbow hugs the right side of his chest. With his left hand, around the middle, his right arm an opponent on the outside (see Fig. 30). In the left capture the opposite.
When learning the individual techniques will be starting for-grip, which is best for the anatomical and morphological data athlete. Is important way to capture. If the seizure is expended great force, the arms are stretched, and as a result of the struggle is protective. The most effective way to capture, when your hands are relaxed, grasping power is concentrated in the fingers – the little finger, the ring and middle. How to effectively capture can be learned only by long training. Experienced judoka knows how to regulate the intensity of the seizure. Opponent in most cases not feeling em-his grip and only when he tries to attack, faces a strong interlocking hands.
Movements – Xingtai
The static method of fighting is not always effective. Therefore it is necessary from the beginning to learn the correct way to travel.
Motion carried out a soft displacement stop (trains-ASI). Inexperienced athletes often start first traffic trunk, then stops. This is wrong, because you can easily get into an unstable situation. The distance between feet should be the same. Feet to the extent possible break away from the mat. Body weight has never carried on one leg, and race-ciently on both legs. These principles must be observed when moving in all directions. .
Turns and gates – taisabaki
Twists and gates important elements of attack and defense. When gates needed for preparation for the attack, we must always be in contact with an opponent. The hand that holds the sleeve opponent to pull rotation to the body. With the other hand, followed by the collar rival, draws him to her shoulder. Twists and podporoty also an effective protective element, if jerked free his hand, which the Tories holding the sleeve in the time of the attack.
Fall – ukemi
Lanyard has a judo great importance. In the first place – is a form of protection. Their impact is falling among the most important elements. The potential ability and background from beginners can be determined by observing ukemi. Agility and determination judo is manifested in the way in which he conducts the fall. The degree of assimilation of technology drops to a large extent depends on what means are carried out throws. If a judoka does not know how to fall, he hesitantly and attacks. Conversely, if you are not afraid to fall, he will attack the opponent decisively, accurately and confidently. In the fall of training equipment to be worked out to automatism. There are 3 basic types of falls:
- Back – or usiroukemi kogoukemi;
- On the side – or yokoukemi sokugoukemi;
- Tumbling forward – maukemi or zenpokaitenukemi.
All of these falls are preparatory in nature. They help to absorb technology drops in situations that often occur and are repeated during the workout.
Classification techniques
Based on the general biomechanical principles of similarity structure and dynamics of motion techniques in judo are divided into groups and subgroups. .
Waza – technique for
1. Nagevadza – techniques in the fight standing.
1. Tatsivadza-throws:
a) tevadza – hand technique (eg, seoinage);
b) gosivadza – Technology thighs (for example, ogosi);
c) asivadza – Technology legs (for example, deasibarai).
2. Sutemivadza – throws with the fall of conducting technique:
a) masutemivadza – throws with falling on his back (eg, tomoenage);
b) ekosutemivadza – throws with falling to one side (eg, yokootosi).
II. Katamevadza – techniques in ground fighting.
1. Osaevadza – Technology retention (eg, kesagatame, kamisigogatame).
2. Zimevadza – machinery strangulation (eg, hadakazime).
3. Kansetsuvadza – Technology Submission (for example, udegarami).
Note. For functions in the fight to the mat in practice often used the term nevadza (it’s only in the ground fighting techniques). The term katamevadza includes some techniques in the standing position.
The initial classification of judo included and atevadza – stroke of pressure point, but now the application of these techniques in the competition is prohibited.
The structure of the movements of individual devices is an integral unit, consisting of several partial motor acts.
For all methods characterized by three main phases:
- Kudzusi – Launch of equilibrium;
- Tsukuri – Preparation of roll;
- Kake – throw. Kudzusi – diversion ravosiya – very important for the effectiveness of trapping in general. Opponent can be deduced from oyuvesiya two ways. First – is characterized by the inclusion of force in one of eight areas of excretion of equilibrium in which the uke is not firmly on his feet. The main directions of the unbalanced shown in Fig. 30. (This is myusob happonokudzusi).
In the second method uke removed from the equilibrium response to attack the Tories (handonokudzusi).
Tsukuri – Preparation throw – is characterized by the achievement of close contact with the body of an opponent. Method of training specific to each throw. Most important is the continuous transfer of power to an opponent. Hands – a link, through which power is transferred to the opponent’s body, after reaching a contact on soernika force and force all other muscle groups.
Kake - throw – the final phase, in which the uke falls on his back or side.
With proper conduct of the reception is not possible to isolate specific phase eye perceived only a very rapid degradation.
The important point during the seizure – speed. In the majority of captures speed dynamically increases since the beginning of the attack.