At the end of the XVI and the first half of XVII century, when the armor, even light-weight, completely out of use, schools of jujitsu emerged one after another.
The end of civil wars has caused a real revolution in the art world, the battle without weapons. All the restrictions related to the conduct of the battle on horseback, in armor, are gone, and the look of masters fight powerful new open spaces countless interpretations.
XVII century was a time of active reflection of the experience gained over the years of war. Was improved vehicle control, were created by the fundamental theoretical work by Bu-Jutsu. The result was a new, sophisticated system of fighting with bare hands, which received the name of Ju-Jitsu (also known under the names Yavari, va-dzbtsu, tai-jutsu, etc.).
The name, literally meaning “artificial softness”, full of profound meaning. The basis of ju-jitsu lay ideas of overcoming the enemy – armed or unarmed – with the help of the elastic compliance, rather than force. Master Ju-Jitsu never exhausts his strength in the fight, but instead tries to wear down the enemy, make it easier to defeat him. It compels him to make sudden movements and deftly dodges them. Without rigid blocks, he quickly retreats from the enemy without encountering obstacles and obeying the law of inertia, moves forward. Ignore the enemy’s strength by or redirect it, and when she was exhausted, add your own effort – is the essence of ju-jitsu.
By 1650 the various schools of jujitsu, there were over 600. The largest among them, other than those mentioned above were Aragaki Ryu, Asayama itidzen-ryu, Kito-ryu, Cosin-ryu, Curaco Ryu, Esin-ryu, Muso Ryu, Rei Shinto-ryu, Shin-no Shindo Ryu , Shinshin-ryu, Tenshin Shinyo, Yagyu-ryu and some drugie.Iso Mutaemon – one of the most famous figures in the history of Jiu-Jitsu – born in 1800 in the 15 years he arrived in Tokyo (then called Edo) to find a teacher knight craft. After many ordeals, he was in school, led by Oribe Hitotsuyanagi continuing the tradition of Esin-ryu. Here he studied for about 7 years, until the death of a teacher. Then he wandered in search of the best schools and, eventually, came to Homma Dzeemonu, who taught Shin-no-Shindo Ryu. Several years later, he decided to leave the teacher and founded his own school. But first, went to the musasyuge “- tour of the dojo in the temples in order to test their techniques against other artists and learn the science of interest to him. Once in the village of Kusatsu in the province of Omi, he saw several armed robbers intended to rob a heavily drunk samurai. With the help of his student Nishimura it easily coped with the thugs, not knowing, however, that they were members of a large gang terrorizing the neighborhood. The next day in a deep ravine, Iso met about a hundred thugs. In a half-hour fight Iso threw many of them, and the rest fled. The victorious outcome was made possible by the use of atemi – impact on vulnerable parts of the body, as well as methods that enable the twist joints. This story has brought great glory to Iso. Finally, his travels Iso settled in Edo and founded a school called Tensinsine-ryu, which contained 124 receiving. For many years in his school has trained about 5000 Iso uchenikov.Harakternoy feature jujutsu for over 300 years was that it was cultivated only school samurai family of origin. Commoners categorically forbidden to learn this art. According to tradition, the training clearly identified three phases or stages. The first phase – Reception pupil in the school (Ryu). For this it was necessary to enlist someone’s recommendation and hold a series of different tests verify the physical, mental and moral qualities of the newly arriving. The second phase, which lasted for several years, this thorough study of the basic technology.
I had every day, for many hours, work the same techniques, the standard bundle movements, etc. And just in case, if the student showed the ability of higher than average and, moreover, proved a matter of his devotion to the teacher that he is initiated into the secrets of the school (they were called “okuden” – “profound ways.”) Such a system was rational, so to this day practiced in some traditional schools. The gist of it is that students should get used to the patient and prolonged work on methods that, according to the Japanese, are the key to the subsequent more complex techniques. The hope that one day it will be possible to learn the secret tricks, is good motivation, but, unfortunately, today most schools are in the nature of business and classes in them – a source of income for teachers, and therefore compliance with the above principle is impossible – too harsh selection of students would lead the teacher to nischete.Prezhnee things started changing rapidly after the bourgeois revolution, the Meiji in 1868, stripped of all privileges of the samurai and equalize with the other estates.